Didache guide

The Didache: Date, Contents and the Teaching of the Twelve Apostles

By Codex ISO Editorial DeskReviewed 21 September 2026
DIRECT ANSWER

The Didache, or Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, is an early Christian church-order text of sixteen short chapters. It combines the Two Ways moral teaching with instructions concerning baptism, fasting, prayer, communal meals, travelling teachers, prophets, local leaders and watchfulness for the end.

What is in the Didache?

Chapters 1–6 present the ways of life and death. Chapter 7 addresses baptism; chapter 8 fasting and the Lord’s Prayer; chapters 9–10 communal thanksgiving or Eucharistic prayers; chapters 11–13 apostles, teachers and prophets; chapters 14–15 assembly, reconciliation and local officers; and chapter 16 an eschatological warning.

How old is the Didache?

The date remains debated. Many scholars place substantial portions in the late first or early second century, while also recognising that the work may combine materials with different histories. The surviving medieval manuscript is far later than the composition it preserves.

What manuscript preserves it?

The complete Greek text is preserved in Codex Hierosolymitanus 54, copied in 1056. Philotheos Bryennios discovered the manuscript in the nineteenth century and published the Didache in 1883. Additional witnesses preserve portions or related forms, but the Jerusalem manuscript is the central complete witness.

Why does it matter?

The Didache offers a compact view of Christian instruction and community practice outside the New Testament. It is especially valuable because its rules are practical: how to baptise when water is limited, when to fast, how to assess travelling teachers and how communities should appoint leaders.

SOURCE LEDGER

Manuscripts and edition basis

Codex Hierosolymitanus 54

Complete Greek witness copied in 1056

Charles H. Hoole, 1894 translation

Public-domain translation used for Codex ISO Edition 017

Codex ISO Edition 017 source dossier

Manuscript context, text structure and provenance

COMMON QUESTIONS

Questions about The Didache

Is the Didache in the Bible?

No. It was valued by some early Christian writers but was not included in the New Testament canon.

How many chapters are in the Didache?

The standard division contains sixteen chapters.

What does the Didache say about baptism?

It prefers baptism in living water but gives practical alternatives, including pouring water three times on the head when sufficient water is unavailable.

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